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fusion gene
A fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously separate genes. It can occur as a result of: translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion.
==History==
The first fusion gene was discovered in cancer cells in 1960 in the collaboration between Peter Nowell who worked in Pennsylvania School of Medicine and David Hungerford who was a graduate student doing a thesis on human chromosomes at the Institute for Cancer Research. Using Edwin Osgood’s method, they cultured human leukemic cells which came from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). They observed an extension in the length of chromosome 9 and a shortening of chromosome 22 in comparison to normal versions. This chromosomal abnormality, which is found in the genome of a majority of CML cases, involves a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. It is called the Philadelphia chromosome, after the city where it was first observed. Two fused genes are formed, one on each of the altered chromosomes. Later, scientists learned that the fusion gene on chromosome 22 produced an abnormal protein, which was associated with the development of CML. However, it is not entirely clear that a single chromosomal translocation event is enough to enable progression of the tumor.
At present, scientists have identified 358 gene fusions involving 337 different genes. These genes are all described in the main subtypes of human neoplasia. The identification of these fusion genes play a prominent role in being a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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